Vijay Shankaran Vivekanand

Vijay Shankaran Vivekanand

Embodied AI | Robot Perception | Adaptive Control

Focused on the intersection of deep learning and robust control theory for autonomous robotic systems. Developing data-efficient learning algorithms for perception-action loops, specifically leveraging event-based vision and foundation models to enable real-time decision-making in dynamic, unstructured environments.

Research Supplement PDFLinkedInGitHub
Publications
5Articles
Peer-reviewed (Frontiers, IEEE, ACM)
Perception Latency
< 3.8 msDVS Stereo
Frame of events disparity & tracking
Edge ASIC Power
1.68 mW@ 211 FPS
28-nm CMOS DNF hardware accelerator
Research Focus
Robotics& Embodied AI
Event-Based Vision & Adaptive Control

About & Research Focus

Core Research Pillars

Embodied AI & Foundation Models
Robot Perception & Event-Based Vision (DVS)
Adaptive & Robust Control Theory
Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) & Neuromorphic Hardware
Sensorimotor Loops & Bio-Mimetic Locomotion

Education

University of Pittsburgh
Dec 2023
M.S. in Electrical and Computer Engineering
CGPA: 3.85 / 4.00
PES University
Jul 2021
B.Tech in Electronics and Communications Engineering
CGPA: 8.10 / 10.0
Specialization: Signal Processing

Publications

5 Peer-Reviewed Articles (Frontiers, IEEE, ACM)
Feb 2025Frontiers in Neuroscience (Vol. 19, 1492436)

Toward autonomous event-based sensorimotor control with supervised gait learning and obstacle avoidance for robot navigation

Authors: Shahin Hashemkhani, Vijay Shankaran Vivekanand, Samarth Chopra, Rajkumar Kubendran
Event-Based VisionSensorimotor ControlGait LearningObstacle AvoidanceCentral Pattern Generator
Supervised STDP · DSM Obstacle Avoidance · Petoi Robot
Abstract:

Miniature robots are useful during disaster response and accessing remote or unsafe areas. They need to navigate uneven terrains without supervision and under severe resource constraints such as limited compute, storage and power budget. Event-based sensorimotor control in edge robotics has potential to enable fully autonomous and adaptive robot navigation systems capable of responding to environmental fluctuations by learning new types of motion and real-time decision making to avoid obstacles. This work presents a novel bio-inspired framework with a hierarchical control system to address these limitations, utilizing a tunable multi-layer neural network with a hardware-friendly Central Pattern Generator (CPG) as the core coordinator to govern the precise timing of periodic motion. Autonomous operation is managed by a Dynamic State Machine (DSM) at the top of the hierarchy, providing the necessary adaptability to handle environmental challenges such as obstacles or uneven terrain. The multi-layer neural network uses a nonlinear neuron model which employs mixed feedback at multiple timescales to produce rhythmic patterns of bursting events to control the motors. A comprehensive study of the architecture's building blocks is presented along with a detailed analysis of network equations. Finally, we demonstrate the proposed framework on the Petoi robot, which can autonomously learn walk and crawl gaits using supervised Spike-Time Dependent Plasticity (STDP) learning algorithm, transition between the learned gaits stored as new states, through the DSM for real-time obstacle avoidance. Measured results of the system performance are summarized and compared with other works to highlight our unique contributions.

Status: Published· DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1492436
View Publication
Oct 2024IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems (Vol. 32, Issue 10, pp. 1940-1944)

Dynamic Neural Fields Accelerator Design for a Millimeter-Scale Tracking System

Authors: Y. Li, Vijay Shankaran Vivekanand, Rajkumar Kubendran, Inhee Lee
VLSI DesignDynamic Neural Fields (DNF)Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVS)CMOS AcceleratorTarget Tracking
28-nm CMOS · 211 FPS · 1.68 mW · 0.53 mm²
Aug 2023ACM International Conference on Neuromorphic Systems (ICONS '23), Article 5, pp. 1–7

Robot Locomotion through Tunable Bursting Rhythms using Efficient Bio-mimetic Neural Networks on Loihi and Arduino Platforms

Authors: Vijay Shankaran Vivekanand, Samarth Chopra, Shahin Hashemkhani, Rajkumar Chinnakonda Kubendran
Intel LoihiCentral Pattern GeneratorBursting RhythmsBio-mimetic NeuronsQuadruped Locomotion
~10 KB Memory · 14% Faster · Loihi & Arduino
Feb 2023IEEE International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications (ICARA '23), pp. 324-328

Frame of Events: A Low-latency Resource-efficient Approach for Stereo Depth Maps

Authors: S. Venkatachalam, Vijay Shankaran Vivekanand, Rajkumar Kubendran
Stereo VisionDynamic Vision Sensors (DVS)Frame of EventsDepth EstimationDrone Navigation
3.8 ms Latency · 112.4 Kb Memory · 9.75% Drop
Feb 2023IEEE International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications (ICARA '23), pp. 102-106

Robot Locomotion Control Using Central Pattern Generator with Non-linear Bio-mimetic Neurons

Authors: Vijay Shankaran Vivekanand, Shahin Hashemkhani, S. Venkatachalam, Rajkumar Kubendran
Central Pattern GeneratorNon-linear NeuronsSpike-Based ControlJitter ToleranceQuadruped Robotics
5-10x Jitter Tolerance · 3.54 ms Latency · Arduino Edge

Experience

Industry Engineering & Laboratory Research Track Record
AI Engineer
COI Energy
Feb 2024 – Present · Pittsburgh, PA
Key Technical Highlights:
Scalable Data InfrastructureReal-time High-throughput Telemetry Stream

Independently architected an asynchronous, high-throughput data pipeline for the real-time ingestion of smart meter telemetry. Optimized the system for concurrency to handle massive data streams, reducing data availability latency and directly supporting the training of downstream forecasting models.

Generative AI & RAGGemini 2.5 on GCP · Low-Latency Vector Retrieval

Architected a domain-specific Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system using Gemini 2.5 on GCP. Engineered the vector retrieval pipeline for curated technical documentation, significantly reducing query latency for customer support.

Time-Series Forecasting92% Peak Prediction Accuracy

Developed comparative models (Prophet vs. XGBoost) for energy load forecasting, achieving 92% accuracy in predicting consumption peaks for commercial clients.

Industrial Automation80% Response Reliability Increase

Designed automated control logic for remote generator operations, increasing system response reliability by 80% during critical grid demand events.

Technologies Deployed:
PythonGemini 2.5GCPVector DB (RAG)ProphetXGBoostAsyncIOFastAPIDockerIndustrial Automation

Featured Systems Projects

Hardware Neuromorphic Architectures & Robust Control Theory
Embodied AI & Real-Time Edge Systems

Pitwall: Trustable AI Racing Coach

<50ms Latency · Gemma 4 + Gemini 3.0 · Sonoma Raceway (130 mph)

A split-brain embodied AI racing coach proven at 130 mph at Sonoma Raceway. Combines an ultra-low-latency reflexive hot path (Gemma 4 on Pixel 10 TPU, <50ms) with a strategic warm path (Gemini 3.0 on Vertex AI, 2-5s) over 5G using Antigravity store-and-forward telemetry pipelines.

•Architected real-time Data Reasoning engine fusing high-rate Racelogic Mini GPS & OBDLink MX vehicle telemetry into confidence-annotated state frames.
•Engineered split-brain AI pipeline: reflexive Gemma 4 LLM on local Pixel 10 TPU (<50ms) paired with strategic Gemini 3.0 on Vertex AI (2-5s) via Antigravity store-and-forward telemetry.
•Built audio coaching arbiter delivering real-time Ross Bentley pedagogical driving vectors with corner suppression and dynamic conflict resolution directly to driver Pixel Earbuds on-track at Sonoma Raceway.
Gemma 4Pixel 10 TPUGemini 3.0Vertex AIAntigravity PipelineSensor FusionReal-Time Telemetry
Neuromorphic Robotics & Edge AI

Autonomous Event-Based Sensorimotor Control & Supervised Gait Learning

Supervised STDP · Petoi Quadruped · Front. Neurosci '25

Bio-inspired hierarchical control system for quadruped robots featuring a multi-layer neural network with hardware-friendly Central Pattern Generators (CPG) and a Dynamic State Machine (DSM). Autonomously learns walk and crawl gaits using supervised Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) for real-time obstacle avoidance.

•Implemented nonlinear neuron model with mixed positive-negative feedback operating across multiple timescales (sub-ms to seconds).
•Integrated Dynamic State Machine (DSM) at hierarchy root for seamless autonomous transition between learned locomotion gaits.
•Demonstrated real-time obstacle avoidance on Petoi robot with sub-millisecond response latencies under constrained compute budgets.
Event-Based VisionSupervised STDPCentral Pattern GeneratorDynamic State MachineEdge Robotics
VLSI Architecture & Neuromorphic ASIC

28-nm DNF Hardware Accelerator for Millimeter-Scale DVS Tracking

28-nm CMOS · 211 FPS · 1.68 mW · 0.53 mm²

A compact-size 28-nm CMOS hardware accelerator for Dynamic Neural Fields (DNF) executing millimeter-scale object tracking on asynchronous Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS) streams.

•Optimized computation via kernel size abstraction, sigmoidal function replacement with comparison operators, and rectangular shape approximation.
•Realized in 28-nm CMOS process occupying a miniature silicon footprint of only 0.53 mm².
•Achieved 211 FPS high-speed tracking throughput on 256×256 DVS frames at an ultra-low power budget of 1.68 mW.
28-nm CMOSDynamic Neural Fields (DNF)DVS TrackingLow-Power VLSIIEEE TVLSI '24
Neuromorphic Computing & Bio-Mimetic Control

Tunable Bursting CPG Locomotion on Intel Loihi & Arduino

~10 KB Footprint · 14% Faster · 5-10x Jitter Resilient

Designed and deployed tunable bursting Central Pattern Generators (CPGs) for quadruped locomotion across standard microcontroller (Arduino) and fully asynchronous neuromorphic (Intel Loihi) architectures.

•Engineered bio-mimetic mixed-feedback neurons providing granular locomotion control over walk, jump, trot, gallop, and crawl gaits.
•Required only ~10 KB memory footprint (33% of Arduino capacity) for full locomotion execution.
•Benchmarking proved 14% faster isolated neuron execution (0.02ms latency) with 5-10x higher input jitter tolerance over LIF models.
Intel LoihiCentral Pattern GeneratorBursting RhythmsArduinoACM ICONS '23
Event-Based Vision & 3D Perception

Frame of Events Low-Latency Stereo Depth Mapping for DVS

3.8 ms Latency · 112.4 Kb Memory · 9.75% Resource Drop

Hybrid temporal-contrast event sensor pipeline generating 'frame of events' for high-speed robotic stereo disparity and depth estimation in resource-constrained environments.

•Eliminated latency and memory overhead of accumulating asynchronous DVS events into synchronous dense frames.
•Outperformed conventional pipelines with 3.8 ms average latency per frame and 112.4 Kb memory usage.
•Validated for resource-constrained autonomous micro-aerial vehicles (UAVs) and drone navigation.
Stereo VisionDynamic Vision Sensors (DVS)Depth EstimationFrame of EventsIEEE ICARA '23
Neuromorphic Audio & Software Simulation

Binaural Neuromorphic Silicon Cochlea Simulation & ITD Sound Localization

Software SNN Simulation · ±2.5° Angular Resolution

Software simulation modeling a mixed-signal silicon cochlea front-end coupled with an asynchronous Spiking Neural Network on Intel Loihi. Replicates human auditory periphery mechanics to perform sound localization via sub-microsecond Interaural Time Difference (ITD) detection.

•Modeled multi-stage resonant basilar membrane filter banks replicating subthreshold CMOS circuit models in software simulation.
•Synthesized spike-based cross-correlation coincidence detector network modeled for Intel Loihi architecture, achieving ±2.5° angular localization accuracy.
•Evaluated simulated behavioral acoustic response across a 100 kHz acoustic bandwidth.
Software SimulationIntel Loihi ModelingSilicon CochleaSpiking Neural NetworksAudio DSP
Neural Cryptography & Nonlinear Dynamics

Chaotic Neural Network (CNN) Image & Data Encryption

2^524288 (~10^157810) Key Space · Zero Distortion Decryption

Designed a high-security cryptographic framework leveraging Chaotic Neural Networks where network weights and biases are driven by deterministic chaotic sequence generators for high-entropy image diffusion and bit-level permutation.

•Engineered a chaotic sequence generation pipeline x(n+1) = μ(n)(1 - x(n)) producing 8M pseudorandom bitstreams for byte-level neuron activation.
•Formulated feedback-controlled artificial neural network layers capable of nonlinear encryption and lossless inverse decryption given matched initial conditions x(0) and parameter μ.
•Achieved an astronomical theoretical search space of 2^524288 (~10^157810) for 64 KB image payloads, demonstrating immense security against brute-force and differential cryptanalysis.
Chaotic Neural NetworksNonlinear DynamicsImage EncryptionDeterministic ChaosANN Cryptography
Control Systems & Robotics

LQR & Model Predictive Control for Nonlinear Inverted Pendulum on Cart

1.2s Swing-up · 25° Impulse Rejection

Formulated adaptive state-space stabilization, swing-up trajectory optimization, and robust disturbance rejection for a classic underactuated nonlinear robotic mechanism.

•Derived full Lagrangian equations of motion and linearized system matrices around unstable inverted equilibrium point.
•Synthesized infinite-horizon Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) with Kalman state estimator for noisy optical encoder feedback.
•Achieved rapid swing-up within 1.2 seconds with recovery under 25° external impulse perturbation.
Modern Control TheoryLQR / LQGKalman FilterMATLABSimulinkState-Space
Generative AI & Image Cryptography

Cover-Based Image Steganography Using DCGANs

0.103 bytes/pixel · 0.99944 SSIM · 0.00071 RMSE

End-to-end cover-based steganography framework utilizing Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGAN), Dense Encoders, and Reed-Solomon error correction to conceal arbitrary secret data payloads inside synthesized cover images without perceptual visual distortion.

•Architected a 3-phase DCGAN pipeline comprising generative cover synthesis, dense convolutional feature mapping, and extractor-based secret message retrieval.
•Integrated Reed-Solomon encoding with Chien search polynomial roots and zip compression for robust data recovery and anomaly tolerance.
•Achieved high embedding capacity of 0.103 bytes/pixel (4000 bytes per 218×178 image) with 0.99944 SSIM and 0.00071 RMSE on the DIV2K benchmark.
DCGANSteganographyGenerative AIReed-SolomonPyTorchDIV2K

Technical Skills & Toolchains

Machine Learning, Neuromorphic Hardware, Control Theory & Cloud

AI & Machine Learning

5 Modules
PyTorch & TensorFlowExpert
Generative AI & RAG (Gemini, LangChain)Expert
XGBoost & Prophet ForecastingProficient
Self-Supervised STDP LearningExpert
Scikit-Learn & Computer VisionProficient

Robotics & Control

6 Modules
ROS / ROS2Expert
Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVS / Event Cameras)Expert
Adaptive & Optimal Control (LQR, MPC)Expert
Linear System Theory & Kalman FilteringExpert
Central Pattern Generators (CPG Locomotion)Expert
MATLAB & SimulinkExpert

Hardware & Embedded

4 Modules
Intel Loihi (Neuromorphic Hardware)Proficient
VLSI / CMOS Accelerator ArchitectureProficient
Arduino, STM32 & MicrocontrollersProficient
Real-time Asynchronous ProcessingExpert

Languages & Tools

7 Modules
PythonExpert
C / C++Expert
MATLABExpert
TypeScript / JavaScriptProficient
Google Cloud Platform (GCP) & AWSProficient
Docker, Git, Linux / BashExpert
SQL & Vector DatabasesProficient

Honors & Community Leadership

Recognitions across venture showcases, academic scholarships & mentorship
TechCrunch Disrupt Finalist Presenter
TechCrunch Disrupt Finals
2025

Selected as the finalist presenter for COI Energy at the prestigious TechCrunch Disrupt Finals.

Employee of the Year
COI Energy
2024

Awarded for exceptional engineering contributions and high-impact infrastructure delivery, chosen via company-wide vote.

MRD Scholarship for Academic Excellence
PES University
2021

Merit-based scholarship awarded for maintaining top-tier academic standing throughout the undergraduate program.

Semi-Finalist, e-Yantra Robotics Challenge
Govt. of India (MHRD) / IIT Bombay
2019

Competed in nationwide robotics competition focused on building autonomous robotics solutions, placing in the top tier among thousands of teams.

Beyond the Work & Silicon

Personality & Passions

When I am not training neural networks, tuning Kalman filters, or wiring neuromorphic testbenches, you'll find me conquering Destiny 2 raids, editing cinematic video cuts, drawing digital art, cheering during football matchdays, and cracking complex strategy puzzles.

[Human / Off-Duty Mode]
Favorite Games
Destiny 2 & Elden Ring
Creative Toolchain
Premiere, After Effects & Digital Canvas
Sport of Choice
Football / Soccer
Off-Duty Fuel
Double Shot Espresso / Flat White
Cities Called Home
Gurgaon ➔ Bangalore ➔ Pittsburgh
Strategic Mindset
Long-Horizon Planning & Fast Execution
Gaming & Lore

Video Games: Destiny 2 & Elden Ring

100% Steam Completionist · High-stakes raids & Soulslikes

Massive fan of rich lore, precision mechanics, and coordinated gameplay. Achieved 100% Steam completion across both Elden Ring (42/42) and Destiny 2 (23/23). Whether executing flawless endgame raid mechanics or mastering dodge timings in The Lands Between, gaming is where tactical reflexes meet deep narrative world-building.

Video Games: Destiny 2 & Elden Ring
100% Steam Achievements
Elden Ring: 42/42 (100%)Destiny 2: 23/23 (100%)Fireteam Raids & Soulslikes
Storytelling & Visual Rhythm

Cinematic Video Editing & Motion

Dynamic pacing, beat syncing, color grading & seamless cuts

Crafting narratives through visual rhythm and acoustic tempo. Blending sound design with frame-accurate cuts, dynamic transitions, and color grading to transform raw sequences into impactful visual stories.

Audio-Visual Beat SyncingColor Grading & Cinematic LookDynamic Transitions & Motion Rhythm
Creative Expression & Diagrams

Digital Art & Scientific Illustration

Technical diagrams, architectural concepts & scientific visualization

Exploring creative expression on digital canvas—designing biological/robotic system architectures, neural network flowcharts, character concepts, and spatial diagrams.

Scientific Illustrations & Schematics (4)
System Architecture DiagramsNeural Network FlowchartsVisual Composition & Framing
Sports & Hobbies

Football / Soccer

Pickup games, European football & tactical analysis

Enthusiastic player and follower of football. Enjoy playing weekend pickup games, following league and Champions League matches, and analyzing team tactics and formations.

Weekend Pickup GamesEuropean & Champions League MatchesTactical & Formation Analysis
Problem Solving & Games

Chess, Puzzles & Strategy

Chess, deduction puzzles & strategy games

Enjoy playing chess, solving mechanical and logic puzzles, and exploring strategy games that involve multi-step planning and analytical problem solving.

Chess & Board GamesLogic & Mechanical PuzzlesAnalytical Problem Solving
Photography & Moments

Life Outside the Lab

01 / 08
Travel chronicles, trails & candid snapshots

Candid moments, campus life, scenic trails, and travel chronicles captured along the way.

Adventures & travel chronicles
Adventures & travel chronicles
Travel ChroniclesScenic TrailsCampus MemoriesCandid Snapshots
Guiding Principles & Mental Models
Perception Precedes Action

“In robotics as in life: before you can make decisive, optimal decisions, you must build high-fidelity internal models of the world.”

Simplicity Through Depth

“The highest form of engineering is taking immense systemic complexity and distilling it into an intuitive, elegant interface.”

Continuous Iteration & Feedback Loops

“A closed-loop system with tight feedback always outperforms an open-loop giant with perfect initial calibration.”

Let's Build the Future of Robotics & AI

Interested in collaborating on embodied intelligence, neuromorphic architectures, or autonomous systems?